Data Set Title: North Temperate Lakes LTER: Water Temperature - Sparkling Lake 

Investigator(s): Carl J. Bowser, Paul Hanson, Timothy K. Kratz

Contact(s): Timothy K. Kratz; Trout Lake Station, 10810 County Hwy N, Boulder Junction, WI, 54512-9733, USA;(phone) 715-356-9494;(fax) 715-356-6866;(email) tkkratz@wisc.edu;

Abstract: Questions relating to the flux of solute elements to and from lakes require accurate water budgets. Evaporation rates are a critical component of the water budget of lakes. An instrumented raft is put on the lake over the ice-free season to measure micrometeorological parameters from which evaporation can be calculated. Raft measurements of relative humidity and air temperature (2 m height), wind velocity (1, 2, and 3 m heights), and water temperatures at 1-m intervals are combined with measurements of total long-wave and short-wave radiation data from a nearby shore station to determine evaporation by the energy budget technique. Comparable evaporation estimates from mass transfer techniques are calibrated against energy budget estimates to produce a lake-specific mass transfer coefficient for use in measuring humidities over longer periods of time using the mass transfer technique alone.

Sampling Frequency: one minute; averaged to hourly and daily values.

Number of sites: 1

Initiation of study (mm/dd/yy): 05/15/1989


Data Table: North Temperate Lakes LTER: Hourly Water Temperature - Sparkling Lake 

Variables: 
SAMPLEDATE = sample date (date)
YEAR4 = year (number)
MONTH = month of the year (number)
DAYNUM = day of year (number)
HOUR = hour of the day (number)
DEPTH = depth (meter)
WTEMP = water temperature at depth (celsius)
FLAG_WTEMP = dataflag for water temperature


Variable Codes: 


Flags: 
A = Data logger off
A? = Data logger off an indeterminate number of hours
An = Data logger off n hours; daily averages may be in error
B = Data logger off
C = Sensor off; missing value reported
D = Sensor malfunction produced bad values; values set to missing;
E = Sensor noisy; values of uncertain quality
F = Sensor calibration error; correction factors have been applied.
G = Sensor error; estimate made based on hourly averages.
H = Data suspect; values outside of expected range
I = Estimated from combining more than one record for the day
J = Estimated from another met station.
K = Sensor malfunction produced bad values: data of limited use.
L = Non standard routine followed