Michigan Natural Features Inventory
Michigan Natural Features Inventory
Table of Contents
Identification_Information Abstract Purpose Supplemental Information Data_Quality_Information Spatial_Data_Organization_Information Entity_and_Attribute_Information Detailed Description Overview Distribution_Information Metadata_Reference_Section
Identification_Information
Citation_Information Originator: MBAustin,TRLeibfried,KMKorroch,LP-Gregory,AJSElwert,JLDuguay,LAPeltz Publication_Date: Jan 2000 Title: Landuse circa 1800 county base - by county Edition: 1.1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Format: Digital Database Publication_Information Publication_Place: Lansing, Michigan Publisher: MI Natural Features InventoryDescription Abstract Landuse circa 1800 is a statewide database for Michigan based on original surveyors tree data and descriptions of the vegetation and land between 1816 and 1856. This is a fully attributed version that contains all vegetation codes (see attribute information). The database creators recognize that there are errors in the database due to interpretation and data input. Errors of comission and omission may still exist in the current version of the database. For concerns on the use, see the limitations listed below, refer to the references provided, or call the contact for more information. Database has county codes and data in it from IDENTITY process run against the stco100 database. This provides county names and FIPS codes. Ran the ADDAREA command to add area in acres and square miles as well. Please do not redistribute this database - please have requestors contact the source. Also note the version/edition number on this database release. Any future updates or modifications will have a version/edition number assigned. All previous versions/editions should be destroyed or removed to an archive status. Version 1.0 - completed QA/QC Version 1.1 - Annotation removed from all LU1800 databases Purpose Between 1816 and 1856, Michigan was systematically surveyed by the General Land Office (GLO), which had been established by the federal government in 1785. The detailed notes taken by the land surveyors have proven to be a useful source of information on Michigans landscape as it appeared prior to wide-spread European settlement. Surveyors took detailed notes on the location, species, and diameter of each tree used to mark section lines and section corners. They commented on the locations of rivers, lakes, wetlands, the agricultural potential of soils and the general quality of timber along each section line as they were measured out. Biologists from the Michigan Natural Features Inventory developed a methodology to translate the notes of the GLO surveys into a digital map that can be used by researchers, land managers, and the general public. Users of the maps should be aware that they represent an approximation of the native landscape limited by the available information. See reference cited as Michigan Native Landscape for more information. Supplemental_Information Procedures_Used Procedures and methodology are documented in the reference cited as Michigan Native Landscape - please see references provide. Data was originally digitized using Intergraph Microstation (MGE) in double precision and cleaned with a 40 ft tolerance. CMAP was used to check for LABELERRORS and open polygons. When identified, these problems were then corrected using MGE. Check plots were generated at scale for the first few counties, but not the rest. Later check plots were created for the Ecologists (not to original 24,0000-scale) and problems identified were correct by the digitizer. The vegetation data layer was then converted into PC Arc/Info that did not support double precision. This increase the error of the base data from the scale that it was originally digitized at. Maintaining the data in a standard projection, without shifting Y units appropriately to within an acceptable range of values supported by the single precision format, further increased the positional errors in the database as topology was modified through the use of the BUILD and CLEAN procedures. There is a potential that points in the PC Arc/Info format moved within the newly calculated fuzzy tolerance. Many corrections and changes were made while the vegetation layer data was in PC Arc/Info. These were not tracked comprehensively and were done on an as-needed-basis when identified. The vegetation layer was then converted into Arc/Info 7.2.1. Single precision was maintained in the database during the seaming. The fuzzy tolerance was calculated by the software and for each county database was found to be .305, which results in a total potential error of point locations to be: (24,000/12) * .305 = 610 feet / 3.281= 185.919 meters (186 meters) This calcluation is discussed in the Arc/Info 7.2.1 on-line documentation. To correct and maintain the positional accuracy the database was moved to double precision when the fuzzy tolerance exceeded 0.171. A fuzzy tolerance of 0.171 the total error potential of the vegetation layer is calculated as: (24,000/12) * .171 = 342 feet / 3.281= 104.237 meters Due to the range of fuzzy tolerances observed, in the county-based data bases, the range of error is 80-186 meters. This is a direct result of the processing steps applied. The database had many corrections made to it at the Arc/Info 7.2.1 level. It is recommended that no previous versions/editions be used any longer. See also the Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy. Revisions No revision is currently planned Reviews_Applied_to_Data See Data Quality Information Related_Spatial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets None References_Cited See Citations. Purchase of the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) references can be done through the MNFI office at: Mason Building, 7th South Box 30444 Lansing, MI 48909-7944 517-373-1552 Notes See Limitations_of_Data & Procedures_Used sections and Horizontal_Positional_Accurancy_Report. Time_Period_of_Content Range_of_Dates/Times Beginning_Date: 1992 Ending_Date: 1999 Currentness_Reference Current to the time exported Status Progress: Released ARC/INFO 7.2.1 format. Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency None planned. Spatial_Domain Bounding_Coordinates West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.43339022 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.97825328 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.79180781 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.05241665
Keywords Theme Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: LU1800,vegetation, landuse, landcover, GLO, Place Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: State of Michigan or County - as name specifies. Stratum Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Temporal Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword:
Access_Constraints PLEASE DO NOT REDISTRIBUTE! Please refer any potential users to the contact. Use_Constraints RIVERS - There is a problem with the consistancy of mapping river boundaries in many of these databases. Some river boundaries were digitized in for some counties and are not found in other counties. This resulted in polygons ending at the county boundary. Still yet some counties had the entire river digitized in, while others had only portions. Any analysis utilizing rivers needs to be done with caution. Delta county had 3 major river systems digitized as part of the shoreline that went up into the county for 50-100 miles. During the seaming process these polygons were close to the shore as possible and the resulting polygons were code as rivers. EDGEMATCHING PROBLEMS - There were two common errors encountered during the edgematching (seaming) process. One was polygon code mis-matches between the county databases and the other was the county boundaries not aligning with one another resulting in overlaps or gaps (underlaps) of data. Since the resulting set of data would include a statewide seamed database and a database for each county using the original county boundary linework - it was necessary to make the corrections to both sets of data. COUNTY BOUNDARY MISMATCH - The original county boundaries utilized for digitizing the 1800 Vegetation database did not edgematch. This is a recognize problem with the base data. When seaming (edgematching) the counties to create a seamless statewide database it was necessary to set some rules for completin the edgematching process. If the edgematching exceeded an acceptable standard errors for a 1:24,000-scale database then the error was documented in hard copy and the polygons were closed with a single straight line allowing for representation of the error and not introducing additional error by attempting to smooth the line. The area of the most problems was found between State Plane Zone 2 and 3. This was most prevalant in the western portion of the zones and was most notable between Oceana and Mason counties. The overlap in some areas was up to 80 m. The county databases have NOT been corrected for this overlap. Other overlaps and were encountered and resolved using the guidelines stated above. POLYGON CODING ERRORS - As the counties were seamed together and problems were encountered the problem each was evaluated and documented in hardcopy format. Polygon coding errors were compared to the original 1800 vegetation maps and corrected as determined from review of the map. If the correction could not be determined from the original map then this error would be passed onto the Ecologist on staff. Corrections were made as indicated by the Ecologist. ANGULARITY - Seven counties displayed a noticable angularity to the linework possibly due to the processing of the database. This would require further investigation to determine what the source of this error is. This is not being pursued at this time. COUNTIES WITH NOTICABLE ANGULARITY PROBLEMS INCLUDE: Oakland,Macomb,Wayne, Washtenaw,Livingston,Genesee,Lapeer. VEGCODE MISCODING - UPPER PENINSULA MISCODING - The COVERTYPE fields were incorrectly coded between the elements - 4227 - HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FOREST 4228 - BEACH-SUGAR MAPle-HEMLOCK FOREST This affected the following counties and has been corrected in the version 1 release of the county databases and the statewide seamed database - Gogebic, Ontonagon, Houghton, Keweenaw, Iron, Marquette, Dickinson Menominee, Alger, Schoolcraft, Luce, Mackinac, and Chippewa SAND DUNE vs. EXPOSED BEDROCK - It has been decided to consistantly name and code the LEGCODE and resulting COVERTYPE fields with respect to the VEGCODE field. The following changes were made - COVERTYPE VEGCODE LEGCODE SAND DUNE field verified 72/73 EXPOSED BEDROCK field verified 74/741/742/743/744/745/746 This affected the following counties and has been corrected in the version 1 release of the county databases and the statewide seamed database - Gogebic, Ontonagon, Houghton, Keweenaw, Baraga, Iron, Marquette, Delta, Dickinson, Menominee, Alger, Schoolcraft, Luce, Mackinac, Chippewa, Emmet, Cheboygan, Presque Isle, Arenac, Leelanau, Benzie, Manistee, Mason, Oceana, Muskegon, Ottawa, Allegan, Van Buren, Berrien, Monroe, Wayne, Macomb, Eaton, Tucsola, Huron, Bay and Iosco. NAMING FOR VEGCODE 333 AND 334 - It has been determined that VEGCODE 333 and 334 were given the incorrect COVERTYPE designations in previous versions of the database. The following table is correct: VEGCODE COVERTYPE 333 PINE BARRENS 334 OAK/PINE BARRENS This change affected these counties: Houghton, Baraga, Iron, Marquette, Menominee, Alger, Delta, Schoolcraft, Luce, Chippewa, Cheboygan, Presque Isle, Otsego, Montmorency, Alpena, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska, Crawford, Oscoda, Alcona, Manistee, Wexford, Roscommon, Ogemaw, Iosco, Mason, Lake, Osceola, Clare, Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta, Muskegon, Montcalm, Kent, Ionia, Allegan, Barry, Huron, Tuscola, Lapeer, and Oakland. OTHER CHANGES ENCOUNTERED BY COUNTY - Dickinson - VEGCODE = JACK PINE THICKET now is JACK PINE-RED PINE FOREST Reason - only one polygon of this type mapped for entire state. LEGCODE = 97 - no change Mackinac - VEGCODE = MARL FLATS now is CEDAR SWAMP Reason - only one polygon of this type mapped for entire state. LEGCODE = 6231 - no change Antrim - VEGCODE = CEDAR SWAMP now is MIXED CONIFER SWAMP Reason - to match with polygon in Charlevoix county to the north. LEGCODE = 4231 now is 423 Reason - misinterpreted by digitizer. Label on original map is 423I. COVERTYPE NAMES - there were many abbreviations used in the COVERTYPE name field. Utilization of these abbreviations may cause some confusion as to what the actual name is. The attribute list provided in this documentation gives the full spelling of any abbreviations. The database has not been changed to facilitate full names. Point_of_Contact: See Distribution_Information for contact information.
Data_Set_Credit This project was done in cooperation with the following groups: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Division Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources MDNR Saginaw Bay Watershed Initiative Coastal Management Program, MDNR Land and Water Management Division Hiawatha National Forest Michigan Department of Military Affairs Security_Information Security_Classification_System: None Security_Classification: UNCLASSIFIED Security_Handling_Description: None
Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows_NT Windows_NT, ARC/INFO version 7.2.1
Cross_Reference Originator: Comer, P.J.,D.A. Albert, H.A. Wells, B.L. Hart, et. al. Publication_Date: September 1995 Publication_Time: Title: Michigan Native Landscape, As Interpreted from the GLO Surveys 1816-56 Edition: Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Report Series_Information Series_Name: Issue_Identification: Publication_Information Publication_Place: Lansing, MI Publisher: MI Natural Features Inventory Other_Citation_Details: Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation:
Cross_Reference Originator: Publication_Date: Publication_Time: Title: Edition: Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Series_Information Series_Name: Issue_Identification: Publication_Information Publication_Place: Publisher: Other_Citation_Details: Online_Linkage: Larger_Work_Citation:
Data_Quality_Information
Attribute_Accuracy Attribute_Accuracy_Report: See Entity_Attribute_InformationQuantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment Attribute_Accuracy_Value: See Explanation Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation: Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section.
Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon topology present.
Completeness_Report Complete at this time with the above limitations or use constraints specified in this document. Positional_Accuracy Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: +/- 80-186 meters USE WITH CAUTION! This data was digitized using Microstation ver. 5.00.95, from mylar overlays of 7.5 minute United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle maps. USGS quad tics were used to register the mylar overlays to digital (CAD) basemaps of each county in State Plane Coorinates provided by Michigan DNRs MIRIS program. Detailed discussions of potential error are located in the Use_Constraints/ Limitations_of_Data section. See also these sections for a more detailed explanation: Use_Constraints (Limitations_of_Data) Notes Procedures_Used
Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 80-186 meters Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Resolution as reported
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: NA Lineage: See Supplemental_Information for overview.Process_Steps Process_Step Process_Description: PELTZL DOCUMENT GOGEBIC DELETE PELTZL Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 20000128 Process_Time: 652 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Step Process_Description: PELTZL DOCUMENT GOGEBIC UPDATE PELTZL Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:None Process_Date: 20000128 Process_Time: 723 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: None
Cloud_Cover NA
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information SDTS_Terms_Description SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2459 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 7251 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains' Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2460
Spatial_Reference_Information
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_DefinitionPlanar Map_Projection Projection OBLIQUE_MERCATOR Datum NAD83 Zunits NO Units METERS Spheroid GRS1980 Xshift 0.0000000000 Yshift 0.0000000000 Parameters 2 /* Projection type < 1 | 2 > 0.99960 /* Scale factor at the projection's center -86 0 0.000 /* Longitude of the projection's center (DM 45 18 33.000 /* Latitude of the projection's center (DM 337.25556 /* Azimuth at the projection's center 2546731.49600 /* False easting (meters) -4354009.81600 /* False northing (meters) Geodetic Model Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS1980
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Detailed_Description Entity_Type Entity_Type_Label: GOGEBIC.NAR Entity_Type_Definition: Polygon Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition_Source: General Land Office Surveys Attribute: Attribute_Label: - Attribute_Definition: Polygon Attribute Table Attribute_Definition_Source: General Land Office Surveys Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: - Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: AREA Attribute_Definition: Area of poly/region in square coverage units Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Positive real numbers Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: PERIMETER Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of poly/region in coverage units Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Positive real numbers Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: GOGEBIC# Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number Attribute_Definition_Source: Computed Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sequential unique positive integer Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: GOGEBIC-ID Attribute_Definition: User-assigned feature number Attribute_Definition_Source: User-defined Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Integer Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: VEGCODE Attribute_Definition: Vegetation Types Attribute_Definition_Source: Vegetation maps delineated by local scientists Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Character Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: LEGCODE Attribute_Definition: Legend code Attribute_Definition_Source: Vegetation maps delineated by local scientists Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Character Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Attribute: Attribute_Label: COVERTYPE Attribute_Definition: Vegetation Type Attribute_Definition_Source: Vegetation maps delineated by local scientists Attribute_Domain_Values Enumerated_Domain Enumerated_Domain_Value: Character Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:Overview_Description Entity_and_Attribute_Overview VEGCODE COVERTYPE NOTES AND ABBREVIATIONS SPELLED OUT 31 HERBACEOUS - UPLAND GRASSLAND 32 SHRUB - SHRUB SAVANNA 33 TREE SAVANNA 331 LAKEPLAIN OAK OPENING 332 OAK BARRENS 333 OAK/PINE BARRENS 334 PINE BARRENS 335 BUR OAK SAVANNA 336 OAK OPENING 4 FORESTED/FORESTED WETLAND 41 HARDWOOD/CONIFER 411 NORTHERN HARDWOODS 4111 BEACH/S MAPLE Beach/Surgar Maple/Yellow Birch 4115 S MAPLE/Y BIRCH/FIR Sugar Maple/Yellow Birch/Balsam Fir 4117 S MAPLE/BASSWOOD Sugar Maple/Basswood 4119 BEECH/HEMLOCK 412 CENTRAL HARDWOODS 4121 BEECH/S MAPLE/BASSWOOD/R OAK Beech/Sugar Maple/Basswood/Red Oak 4122 WHITE OAK/HICKORY White Oak/Black Oak/Hickory 4123 BLACK OAK/W OAK Black Oak/White Oak 4124 PIN/B OAK Pin Oak/Black Oak 413 ASPEN/W BIRCH Aspen/White Birch 414 LOWLAND HARDWOOD 4141 BLACK ASH 4142 ELM Elm 4143 SILVER/RED MAPLE Silver Maple/Red Maple 4144 COTTONWOOD 4145 BALSAM POPLAR 4146 ASPEN Aspen 4147 W BIRCH White Birch 4148 BLACK WILLOW 42 CONIFER/HARDWOOD 421 PINE/OAK 4211 WHITE PINE 4212 RED PINE 4213 JACK PINE 4215 RED PINE/JACK PINE 4216 RED PINE/WHITE PINE 4217 WHITE PINE/WHITE OAK 4218 RED PINE/OAK 4219 W PINE/BEECH/MAPLE White Pine/Beech/Red Maple 422 OTHER UPLAND CONIFER 4221 WHITE SPRUCE 4222 CEDAR/HEMLOCK 4223 FIR/SPRUCE/CEDAR Balsam Fir/Spruce/Cedar 4226 HEMLOCK 4227 HEMLOCK/WHITE PINE 4228 HEMLOCK/S MAPLE Hemlock/Sugar Maple 4229 HEMLOCK/Y BIRCH Hemlock/Yellow Birch 423 LOWLAND CONIFER 4231 CEDAR 4232 BLACK SPRUCE 4233 TAMARACK 4234 BALSAM FIR/SPRUCE Balsam Fir/White Spruce 4235 BALSAM FIR 4236 JACK PINE 4237 HEMLOCK 4238 WHITE PINE 51 MAJOR RIVER 52 LAKE OR POND 54 GREAT LAKES 612 SHRUB-DOMINATED WETLAND 6121 BOG 6122 ALDER/WILLOW/BOG THICKET 6123 BUTTONBUSH/DOGWOOD/WILLOW SWAMP 6124 PATTERNED PEATLAND 6125 MUSKEG 62 NON-FORESTED WETLAND 622 EMERGENT MARSH/MEADOW/PRAIRIE 6221 EMERGENT MARSH 6222 GREAT LAKES MARSH 6223 INTERDUNAL WETLAND 6224 WET MEADOW 6225 INLAND SALT MARSH 6226 LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE 6227 INLAND WET PRAIRIE 6228 INTERMITTENT WETLAND 623 MUD FLATS 6231 MARL FLATS *COVERTYPE = CEDAR SWAMP 72 BEACH, RIVERBANK 73 OPEN SAND DUNE 74 EXPOSED BEDROCK 741 ALVAR 742 BEDROCK GLADE 743 SINKHOLE 744 LIMESTONE LEDGE/OUTCROP 745 SANDSTONE LEDGE/OUTCROP 746 IGNEOUS-METAMORPHIC LEDGE/OUTCROP 95 GREAT LAKES LEVEL CHANGE 96 CULTURAL FEATURES 97 JACK PINE THICKET *COVERTYPE = JACK PINE-RED PINE FOREST *Only 1 polygon existed in the entire database so these fields were renamed to merge with the surrounding data. The field VEGCODE still contains the original coding. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Not Available
Distribution_Information
Distributor Contact_Person_Primary Contact_Person: Lorri Peltz-Lewis Contact_Organization: MNFI Contact_Position: GIS Manager Contact_Address Address_Type: mailing address Address: Stevens T. Mason Bldg. P.O. Box 30444 City: Lansing State_or_Province: MI Postal_Code: 48909-7944 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 517 373-0798 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 517 373-9566 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: peltzl@state.mi.us Hours_of_Service: 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. (E.D.T.) Monday-Friday
Metadata_Reference_Section
Metadata_Date: 19000128 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lorri Peltz-Lewis Contact_Organization: MNFI Contact_Position: GIS Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Stevens T. Mason Bldg. P.O. Box 30444 City: Lansing State_or_Province: MI Postal_Code: 48909-7944 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 517 373-0798 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 517 373-9566 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: peltzl@state.mi.us Hours_of_Service: 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. (E.D.T.) Monday-Friday Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608 Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: UNCLASSIFIED Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
Last modified: 00-01-28.07:42:03.Fri